Which theory emphasizes building knowledge through experience?

• A. Eccentric viewing
• B. Developmental Scales
• C. Cognitivism
• D. Constructivism

Answer: (D)

Knowledge is actively constructed by learners as they engage with the world, connect new ideas to what they already know, and refine understanding through practice. This approach—learning by doing, experimenting, solving problems, and discussing with others—characterizes constructivism. It treats the learner as an active participant who builds meaning rather than passively receiving information from a teacher. In that sense, building knowledge through experience is the hallmark of constructivism: understanding emerges from applying ideas in real tasks and reflecting on those experiences.

Eccentric viewing is a strategy used in vision rehabilitation to utilize peripheral vision, not a theory about how knowledge is formed. Developmental Scales are assessment tools that measure growth, not a theory of learning. Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes and how information is organized in memory, explaining thinking processes rather than the active, social construction of knowledge through experience emphasized by constructivism.